Adolescence, the period of transition from childhood to adulthood, is a key phase of human development. It is characterized by rapid changes – physical, sexual, psychological, emotional, cognitive, and social. The psychological imbalance that prevails during adolescence is particularly significant in people with diabetes as it often leads to a decline in self-care. This brings about a deterioration in blood glucose control, and creates difficulties that hamper the development of harmonious relationships between the young person with diabetes and his or her healthcare providers. Christos Bartsocas describes the developmental factors that impact on diabetes and makes specific recommendations to facilitate a smooth transition from paediatric to adult care.