As the number of people with diabetes continues to rise worldwide, huge increases in the prevalence of the condition are expected in Asia. Hospital and outpatient care for people with diabetes in the central Asian Republic of Uzbekistan, with a population of over 26 million people, is provided at state-funded healthcare centres. However, people with the condition have to pay for their insulin and other essential diabetes supplies out of their family income. Diabetes- related issues such as the need for improved education and increased awareness are gaining importance. The authors report on the achievements and shortcomings in diabetes care in Uzbekistan, and look forward to future progress.