Previously disregarded due to the lack of strong clinical evidence supporting its effectiveness in the treatment of diabetes, the role of medical nutrition therapy has recently changed. This is all the more important given the link between diabetes and obesity, and the steady increase of the latter at a global level, particularly in the industrializing countries. So today, when advising on how to best manage the condition, diabetes healthcare teams are putting more and more emphasis on healthy lifestyles, of which nutrition is a major component. This article aims to take a close look at what diabetes medical nutrition therapy is and to explain why it can benefit people with diabetes.